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The Israeli Declaration of Independence ((ヘブライ語:הכרזת העצמאות), ''Hakhrazat HaAtzma'ut'' or (ヘブライ語:מגילת העצמאות) ''Megilat HaAtzma'ut''), formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel, was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708) by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization〔Then known as the ''Zionist Organization''.〕 and the chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Zionist Leaders: David Ben-Gurion 1886–1973 )〕 It declared the establishment of a Jewish state in Eretz-Israel, to be known as the State of Israel, which would come into effect on termination of the British Mandate at midnight that day.〔(Provisional Government of Israel: Official Gazette: Number 1; Tel Aviv, 5 Iyar 5708, 14.5.1948 Page 1: The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel: Retrieved 5 January 2015 )〕〔(Zionists Proclaim New State of Israel; Truman Recognizes it and Hopes for Peace ) New York Times〕 The event is celebrated annually in Israel with a national holiday Yom Ha'atzmaut ((ヘブライ語:יום העצמאות), lit. ''Independence Day'') on 5 Iyar of every year according to the Hebrew calendar. ==Background== The possibility of a Jewish homeland in Palestine had been a goal of Zionist organizations since the late 19th century. The British Foreign Secretary stated in the Balfour Declaration of 1917: His Majesty's government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.〔Yapp, M.E. (1987). ''The Making of the Modern Near East 1792–1923''. Harlow, England: Longman. p. 290. ISBN 0-582-49380-3.〕 After World War I, the United Kingdom was given a mandate for Palestine, which it had conquered from the Ottomans during the war. In 1937 the Peel Commission suggested partitioning Mandate Palestine into an Arab state and a Jewish state, though the proposal was rejected as unworkable by the government and was at least partially to blame for the renewal of the 1936–39 Arab revolt. In the face of increasing violence after World War II, the British handed the issue over to the recently established United Nations. The result was Resolution 181(II), a plan to partition Palestine into ''Independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem''. The Jewish state was to receive around 56% of the land area of Mandate Palestine, encompassing 82% of the Jewish population, though it would be separated from Jerusalem. The plan was accepted by most of the Jewish population, but rejected by much of the Arab populace. On 29 November 1947, the resolution to recommend ''to the United Kingdom, as the mandatory Power for Palestine, and to all other Members of the United Nations the adoption and implementation, with regard to the future government of Palestine, of the Plan of Partition with Economic Union'' was put to a vote in the United Nations General Assembly.〔(UNITED NATIONS General Assembly: A/RES/181(II): 29 November 1947: Resolution 181 (II): ''Future government of Palestine'': Retrieved 26 April 2012 )〕 The result was 33 to 13 in favour of the resolution, with 10 abstentions. Resolution 181(II): ''PART I: Future constitution and government of Palestine: A. TERMINATION OF MANDATE, PARTITION AND INDEPENDENCE: Clause 3'' provides: ''Independent Arab and Jewish States and the Special International Regime for the City of Jerusalem, ... shall come into existence in Palestine two months after the evacuation of the armed forces of the mandatory Power has been completed but in any case not later than 1 October 1948''. The Arab countries (all of which had opposed the plan) proposed to query the International Court of Justice on the competence of the General Assembly to partition a country against the wishes of the majority of its inhabitants, but the resolution was rejected. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Israeli Declaration of Independence」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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